If you are just keeping your nose above water, trying to be a Christian at work somehow, this post might help. It is about how we learn to relate to God in real time, not sometime or some-other-time-when-I-have-time, but all the time.

At the center of the classic dialogue Jesus followers have been having about prayer is the duality of physical and spiritual, the same duality Jesus masters for us. I think the old words “cataphatic” and “apophatic” have been well-used to describe the more physical/right brain/positive practices and the more spiritual/left brain/negative practices that help us connect with God. The two words also describe two ways of thinking (and doing theology) that might be affecting how you do your job – or survive it.

Oversimply put, a cataphatic approach to God (and life) looks at what can happen in a given time and place. I see it as “doing my best with what I’ve got.“ Maybe it is what “the glass is half full” kind of people do. People often use the word “positive” to explain this way, or moving along the via affirmativa. So when we describe God from this view we see what God is (e.g., “God is love,” “God is omnipresent”).

Likewise, oversimply put, an apophatic approach to God (and life) looks at what is NOT happening in time and place at all, because things about God are beyond us. I see it as looking for what is best because I am not there yet. God is pouring out whatever can be in a glass and I want to be a vessel which can be filled. People often use the word “negative” to explain this way, or moving along the via subtractiva. So when we describe God from this view, we see what God is not, recognizing how God transcends human comprehension (e.g. “God is not evil,” “God is not limited by human notions of what is good”).

Very few people who deliberately seek God practice exclusively along a positive or negative way. But you may lean one way or another. If this discussion helps you see yourself more clearly or open a door to living a richer life, I’ve hit the mark.

Cataphatic ways

Cataphatic thinking focuses on positive attributes, using words, images, and concepts to describe God. It emphasizes that we can know God through revelation and creation.

So my hero, Francis of Assisi, is well known for wandering through the Umbrian countryside seeing the depths of God in a leaf and communing with Brother Sun and Sister Moon. Walk into most Catholic or Orthodox church buildings and it is a cataphatic explosion: statues, bells, incense and a focus on the Eucharist. I think Pentecostal churches take it a step further, emphasizing the power of God in the here and now.

So if your job is a pain or you’re bored with it, you might try on some cataphatic thinking when you arrive. In every person and every task there is some kind of beauty to be found; Jesus is present in the people and in the moment. That’s why we can do all things to the glory of God! Plus, you are there at work with Jesus by your side. Your aliveness is a gift to give and God-with-you is ready to love and serve.

Apophatic ways

Apophatic thinking focuses on denying any limited human concept of God. It argues that because God is infinite, positive statements are inherently inadequate, leading people to “strip away” any images or thoughts in order to experience God’s transcendence.

Many of us have been taught to meditate by emptying ourselves to make space for God’s Spirit. I agree that God is deeply met in silence. When you walk into many Protestant church buildings, they are stripped of ornamentation that might distract from God’s transcendence. They are empty spaces where God and his people represent the Spirit and not spaces full of imagery which traps God in time. The emphasis is on the word coming from the outside, not inside. Like Martin Luther says: “This life is not godliness but the process of becoming godly, not health but getting well, not being but becoming, not rest but exercise.” (I tried to talk about the excesses of this last week).

So if your job is a pain or you are bored with it, you might try on some apophatic thinking while you are there. At times it makes sense to take a break and return to silence somewhere, even if it is in a bathroom stall. After finishing a task you could rest in God’s presence, if even for ten seconds, letting everything go before you pick something up again. You could put a post it somewhere with a quote that reminds of you who you really are. How about, “Nothing in all creation will be able to separate me from the love of God in Christ Jesus”? All the monks centered their day on this process: work and prayer.

This discussion is also common sense

Some people might say I’m describing the different ways extraverts and introverts approach life. And that may be true. Extraverts lean into relationships and the present moment to feel alive, and introverts need alone time to rejuvenate. Nobody is just one thing or another, I don’t think (or I could positively say “I think,” right?). If you are an extravert, you might need to make a few friends at work and not get isolated. If you are an introvert, you might need to find a park nearby to have lunch alone.

Health experts talk about positive and negative approaches without God in them at all. For instance, think about dieting. Positive approaches to dieting talk adding nutrient-dense foods (vegetables, fruits, whole grains) to crowd out less-healthy options. They call for mindful eating — paying attention to hunger and fullness cues rather than following rigid, external rules. They encourage forming sustainable habits, making small, consistent changes, and having self-compassion — viewing setbacks as part of the process rather than a failure. They’re behind the Health at Every Size (HAES) discussion.

My pastor is a “health at every size” kind of Christian. He especially likes to help us see God in every person. Sometimes even I think he could be less about what we feel and more about what we think.

Negative approaches to dieting are all about limiting food or eliminating entire food groups. They organize schedules for eating, like “intermittent fasting.”  They talk about “good” or “bad” eating, demonstrated by all the eating plans you can buy even geared to your body type. They often motivate with an eye on perfection, like a perfectly fit Pelaton coach cheering you on from the screen.

I’ve had more pastors like Martin Luther, who see life as a struggle against sin and a constant effort to know God. Those folks sometimes create church members accustomed to being motivated by criticism.

So the ancient Christian practices of prayer either come from common sense or created it. You decide. Regardless, which way do you lean? It is probably making a difference at work.

Who are you at work?

I got to thinking about all this because I spoke with someone who treated their job in an apophatic way. When they went home and had their “real life” they were one person, but at work they were “on the job” and felt constrained to act like a job person. They were on an unconscious via negative:

• At work I am what I am not.
• Work is what I am not.
• God is not in the work but I need the money.

One of my older acquaintances was talking about the challenge they felt when training new, younger workers to replace those who were on the way out. At one point they were looking for one of these new employees because their team was trying to solve a client’s problem before the day ended, as they had promised to do. They asked someone where she was and they told him, “Oh. She left. She goes home at 4:30.” The boss was finding some meaning and life in the job, the team, and their success. The new hire saw the job as limited, unfulfilling, only worth so much time. One was more cataphatic and one more apophatic.

I think most of us are apophatic when it comes to the job. We see it as what it is not. And we generally see it as a place where God is not. As a result, we end up not something, ourselves. Maybe we are a good employee. But we are an employee and not ourselves. We’ve got to be “on” at work but our hearts are often “off” and that hurts.

Last Friday, on Howard Thurman day, he gave us a good way to balance out the negative and positive way. He said:

There is a quiet courage that comes from an inward spring of confidence in the meaning and significance of life. Such courage is an underground river, flowing far beneath the shifting events of one’s experience, keeping alive a thousand little springs of action.

When I go to work, I need to operate out of an “inward spring of confidence” that flows from my experience of God with me. That experience is going to take some apophatic practice through which I have created a space where I can meet God no matter what is happening, because I met God when nothing was happening.

That spring of living water welling up in me keeps “alive a thousand springs of action.” Every day is full of the sights, sounds and loves of God. The “shifting events” of the workplace are full of cataphatic opportunities to love, tell the truth, and be exemplary. If Jesus were wandering around your workplace in the guise of a boss or a new hire, he would certainly find someone to love. And he would see the beauty all around him – you’d be there, after all.

I told my beautiful, challenged acquaintance their workplace in their giant company was a vast territory where they could meet God in hundreds of ways every day. Even their suffering at the hands of godless capitalists could have meaning if they were not just NOT at work. You might have different advice. I recently fixed my comments function, so now you can let us all know what you feel and think, if you like.